In the early stages of the ringspots, the rings tend to be many closed circles, but as the disease develops, the rings increase in diameter consisting of one large ring. Rings on the fruit are most likely seen on either the stem end or the blossom end. Fruits as young as two weeks old have been spotted with dark-green ringspots about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter. The virus can infect the fruit at any stage of its maturity. The more severely affected leaves are irregular and linear in shape. Leaves show thin, irregular, dark-green lines around the borders and clear areas around the veins. The virus affects both the leaves of the plant and the fruit. The papaya mosaic virus destroys the plant until only a small tuft of leaves is left. As of 2010, the only way to protect papaya from this virus is genetic modification. One of the biggest effects that viral infections have on papaya is taste. Viral infections impact growth and reduce the fruit's quality. In the later stages of the virus, the markings may become gray and crusty. The ringspots are circular, C-shaped markings that are a darker green than the fruit. The petioles and stems may develop dark green greasy streaks and, in time, become shorter. Infected leaves may obtain blisters, roughen, or narrow, with blades sticking upwards from the middle of the leaves. The first signs of the virus are yellowing and vein-clearing of younger leaves and mottling yellow leaves. Papaya ringspot virus is a well-known virus within plants in Florida. See also: List of papaya diseases Different birds eating papaya Viruses In the rain forests of southern Mexico, papaya thrives and reproduces quickly in canopy gaps while dying off in the mature closed-canopy forests. Papaya is found in abundance on Everglades hammocks following major hurricanes, but is otherwise infrequent. Wild populations of papaya are generally confined to naturally disturbed tropical forests. Papaya cultivation is now nearly pantropical, spanning Hawaii, central Africa, India, and Australia. Spaniards introduced papaya to the Old World in the 16th century. Papaya is also considered native to southern Florida, introduced by predecessors of the Calusa no later than 300 CE. Native to tropical America, papaya originates from southern Mexico and Central America. Papaya seeds also contain the cyanogenic substance prunasin. The carotenoids, lutein and beta-carotene, are prominent in the yellow skin, while lycopene is dominant in the red flesh (table). Papaya skin, pulp, and seeds contain a variety of phytochemicals, including carotenoids and polyphenols, as well as benzyl isothiocyanates and benzyl glucosinates, with skin and pulp levels that increase during ripening. Longitudinal section of fruit showing orange flesh and numerous black seeds All plant parts contain latex in articulated laticifers. The leaves are large, 50–70 cm (20–28 in) in diameter, deeply palmately lobed, with seven lobes. The lower trunk is conspicuously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The papaya is a small, sparsely branched tree, usually with a single stem growing from 5 to 10 m (16 to 33 ft) tall, with spirally arranged leaves confined to the top of the trunk. The word papaya comes from Arawak via Spanish, this is also where papaw and pawpaw come from. In 2020, India produced 42% of the world's supply of papayas. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. The papaya ( / p ə ˈ p aɪ ə/, US: / p ə ˈ p ɑː j ə/), papaw, ( / p ə ˈ p ɔː/ ) or pawpaw ( / ˈ p ɔː p ɔː/ ) is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae.
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